Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form in or on an ovary. Such cysts are relatively common. Most are noncancerous (benign) and disappear on their own.
Functional ovarian cysts
Functional cysts form from the fluid-filled cavities (follicles) in the ovaries.
About one third of premenopausal women develop a cyst. Functional cysts seldom develop after menopause.
Symptoms:
Most functional cysts do not cause any symptoms.
Some may cause intermittent dull or sharp pelvic pain.
Pain deep in the abdomen during sexual activity.
Menstrual abnormalities or irregularity: Some cysts produce hormones may make periods irregular or heavier than normal. Spotting may occur between periods.
In postmenopausal women, such cysts may cause vaginal bleeding.
Sudden, severe abdominal pain occurs because a large cyst or mass causes the ovary to twist or it can burst inside the pelvis
Treatment
If ovarian cysts are less than about 2 inches (about 5 centimetres) in diameter, they usually disappear without treatment. Transvaginal ultrasonography and tumour markers are done periodically to determine whether they are disappearing.
If a cyst is larger than about 2 inches (5 centimetres) and does not disappear, it may need to be removed.
If cancer cannot be ruled out, the ovary is removed.
If the cyst is cancerous, the cysts and the affected ovary and fallopian tube are removed.
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